My Science Research Essay

Hey guys and girls! I don't know how many of you will make it to the end of this boring essay but this is my 3months work so I though I should post it. When I started reasearching this field, I had to read half of wikipedia with a dictionary, translating everyother word, well it took me awhile to get it and now I though I should simplify the whole concept into an essay.
Here it is:

Quantum Teleportation: Fantasy Today, Routine Tomorrow (By Nimajus Bagdonavicius)

Teleportation has been a fantasy until 1993, when an international group of six scientists demonstrated that theoretically teleportation is possible. Before 1993 it was through that teleportation was not possible since condition of an object could not be measured. However a way to avoid uncertainty principle was found—the possibility to apply condition or state from one object to another. This process of quantum teleportation involves transferring of quantum state from one particle to another. As a result identity of the original is destroyed while an exact copy of the original is produced in a different location. There has to be a connection between the two locations by which quantum state information is transferred.
This subtle kind of information, also called "Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) correlation" or "entanglement", has been at least partly understood since the 1930s when it was discussed in a famous paper by Albert Einstein, Boris Podolsky, and Nathan Rosen discussed entanglement. In the 1960s John Bell showed that a pair of entangled particles, which were once in contact but later move too far apart to interact directly, can exhibit individually random behavior that is too strongly correlated to be explained by classical statistics. Experiments on photons and other particles have repeatedly confirmed these correlations, thereby providing strong evidence for the validity of quantum mechanics, which neatly explains them. Another well-known fact about EPR correlations is that they cannot by themselves deliver a meaningful and controllable message. It was thought that their only usefulness was in proving the validity of quantum mechanics. But now it is known that, through the phenomenon of quantum teleportation, they can deliver exactly that part of the information in an object which is too delicate to be scanned out and delivered by conventional methods.
Although teleportation changed its meaning only in 1993, the laws of physics and various processes that make quantum teleportation possible were analyzed and understood even in 1930s. Quantum teleportation relies on process called “entanglement” or “Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) correlation.” In 1930s Albert Einstein, Boris Podolsky, and Nathan Rosen discussed entanglement. In 1960s John Bell demonstrated that a pair of entangled particles could interact directly even if they are far apart. One example of entanglement can be seen when an ultraviolet photons (490nm) pass through a nonlinear crystal and some of the photons decay. This results in two infrared photons with their sum of mass and energy equal to the original. After decay, two photons become entangled meaning that they are in direct relationship with each other. If for example, one of entangled photons of is spinning up, then other photon is spinning down. Photon spin axes have unchanging relationship with its direction in which the photon is moving thus making protons predictable. Using present day technology, scientists are able to alter entangled particles by changing the state of one entangled particle and by this action affecting the other particle instantaneously, even if there is a great distance between both particles. Albert Einstein described this effect of entanglement as “spooky action at a distance.”
Since 1993, many physicists from various universities performed experiments involving teleportation of light, single photons, and single ions. In 2004 research group from Austria at University of Innsbruck and physicists from United States at National Institute of Standards and Technology teleported atoms. Calcium and beryllium ions were teleported by transferring electronic quantum states from original ions to other ions of the same element. However, teleportation of complex substances cannot be performed in the near future. Another big step towards quantum communications systems was also made in 2004 at the Georgia Institute of Technology. A team two physicists, Alex Kuzmich and Dzmitry Matsukevich transferred information between matter and light. In the future, quantum teleportation could revolutionize communication systems by replacing present day technology with incredibly fast ways of transferring data. Successful physicist Alex Kuzmich predicted that practical applications of this technology are seven to ten years away. Long distance quantum communication became known as DLCZ protocol which is achieved by transferring a coherent quantum state from matter-bed qubit to a photonic qubit.
Although quantum teleportation appears to be a promising technology there is a controversy about the name “teleportation”, because quantum teleportation is not an instantaneous process due to use of classical information channel which is significantly slower than the speed of light. Some dictionary definitions of the word teleportation state that teleportation is an instantaneous effect therefore some individuals argue about the name of “quantum teleportation.” If to think about the meaning of the word teleportation we can see that it was strongly influenced by science fiction writers and movies. Although lately there were many articles in magazines about achievements in quantum mechanics, in order for major part of public to understand the meaning and potential of this still new branch of science, more simplified information should be distributed. Only when people will understand and accept new developing technologies, they will start contributing to its development.